Balanitis

The most common causes of balanitis are:

- Infections: Bacteria, fungi (especially Candida), viruses, and sexually transmitted infections can cause balanitis. These pathogens multiply particularly easily under the foreskin if it is not cleaned regularly.

- Insufficient hygiene or excessive cleaning: Both insufficient intimate hygiene and excessive cleaning with aggressive soaps can irritate the sensitive skin of the glans and lead to inflammation.

- Skin conditions: Skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or allergic reactions can also cause balanitis.

• Redness and swelling of the glans
• Itching or burning in the genital area
• Pain or discomfort, especially when urinating or during intercourse
• Discharge under the foreskin, sometimes with an unpleasant odor
• In severe cases, blisters, sores, or ulcerations may occur

The diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination of the affected area. The doctor will look for signs of infections, allergic reactions, or skin diseases. In some cases, a swab from the glans or the foreskin is taken to identify the pathogen of the infection. Additionally, blood tests or urine analyses can be conducted to rule out underlying causes such as diabetes or sexually transmitted infections.

• Topical medications: Antifungal creams or ointments are prescribed if balanitis is caused by a fungal infection, while antibiotic ointments are used for bacterial infections.
• Hygiene measures: Gentle but regular cleaning of the glans and foreskin with mild, fragrance-free soaps is important to avoid irritation and combat the infection.
• Medication therapy: If balanitis is caused by an allergic reaction or a skin condition, corticosteroid ointments can be used to relieve inflammation and itching.
• Circumcision: In cases of recurrent balanitis, especially in men with a tight foreskin (phimosis), circumcision may be considered to reduce the risk of further infections.

To prevent balanitis, men should practice good intimate hygiene, especially regular and gentle cleaning of the glans and foreskin. Aggressive soaps and chemical products that could irritate the skin should be avoided. The use of condoms during sexual intercourse can also help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. In the case of existing conditions such as diabetes, blood sugar levels should be well controlled to reduce the risk of infections.