Genital herpes

Genital herpes is transmitted through direct contact with the herpes viruses present in the blisters or open sores of an infected person. Transmission occurs through vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse. Even when no visible symptoms are present, the virus can be transmitted to the sexual partner through asymptomatic viral shedding.

• Small, painful blisters or sores in the genital area, anus, or thighs
• Itching or burning in the affected area
• Pain during urination (if the infection affects the urethra)
• General flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes may occur during the first infection
• After the first infection, recurrent outbreaks may occur, which are usually milder

The diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination of the affected areas. In many cases, the characteristic blisters and sores can be visually recognized. To confirm the diagnosis, a swab from an open lesion can be taken and tested in the laboratory for the presence of the herpes simplex virus. Blood tests can also be conducted to detect antibodies against HSV-1 or HSV-2, indicating a past or current infection.

• Antiviral medications: Medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir are often prescribed to shorten the duration and severity of a herpes outbreak. These medications can also be used as long-term prophylaxis to reduce the frequency of outbreaks.
• Pain relief: Painkillers and topical creams can be used to alleviate discomfort, especially during an acute outbreak.
• Hygiene: Careful cleaning of the affected areas and avoiding irritations (e.g., from tight clothing) help promote healing and reduce discomfort.

The use of condoms during sexual intercourse can reduce the risk of transmitting genital herpes, but it does not provide complete protection, as the virus can also be transmitted through contact with infected skin areas not covered by the condom. Individuals with herpes should refrain from sexual activities during an outbreak to prevent transmission. Long-term antiviral therapy can help reduce the frequency of asymptomatic viral shedding and thus transmission.