Lichen sclerosus

The exact causes of lichen sclerosus are not fully known, but various factors may contribute to the development of the condition:

• Autoimmune diseases: It is suspected that the immune system plays a role, as people with lichen sclerosus often also have other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disorders.
• Hormonal changes: Lichen sclerosus often occurs after menopause, suggesting that hormonal changes may play a role.
• Genetic predisposition: A familial predisposition can increase the risk of the condition.

• White, shiny skin changes, mostly in the genital and anal area
• Itching and burning, especially in the affected areas
• Thinned and fragile skin that tears easily
• Pain during sexual intercourse or urination (if the genital region is affected)
• Scarring and shrinking of the skin in advanced cases

The diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination of the affected skin areas. Typical white skin changes are often easily recognizable. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin conditions. If lichen sclerosus is suspected in the genital area, an examination by a urologist or gynecologist may be required.

• Corticosteroids: The standard treatment for lichen sclerosus is high-potency corticosteroid creams or ointments, which help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Regular application is important to keep the condition under control.
• Moisturizing creams: Moisturizing creams or ointments can help keep the skin supple and reduce the risk of cracks and injuries.
• Immunomodulating ointments: In some cases, immunomodulating medications like tacrolimus may be used if corticosteroids are not sufficiently effective.

Since the exact causes are not fully known, there are no specific measures for the prevention of lichen sclerosus. However, it is important to keep the skin moist and to start treatment early to prevent complications such as scarring or shrinkage of the skin. Regular check-ups with a dermatologist or gynecologist are also helpful to monitor the course of the disease.