Kidney prolapse

The exact causes of kidney prolapse can be diverse and include both congenital and acquired factors:

• Weak connective tissue: A congenital connective tissue weakness can impair the stability of the kidney.

• Significant weight loss: Rapid or substantial fat loss, e.g., due to illness or diet, reduces the protective fat capsule of the kidney.

• Injuries or trauma: Falls or accidents can damage the supporting structures of the kidney.

• Frequent physical strain: Constant heavy lifting or intense sports activities can weaken the ligaments and surrounding tissue.

Kidney prolapse can be asymptomatic or cause various complaints:

• Flank pain: Pain in the side or lower back that increases when standing up or with physical exertion.

• Feeling of pressure or pulling in the abdominal area: Especially when standing for long periods.

• Nausea and loss of appetite: Due to irritation of the surrounding organs.

• Increased urge to urinate or urinary tract infections: Due to changes in urine flow.

• Blood in the urine (hematuria): In rare cases with increased strain on the renal vessels.

The diagnosis of nephroptosis is usually made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging techniques. In this process, the position of the kidney in both lying and standing positions is assessed using sonography or urography. Additionally, blood and urine tests can be used to check kidney function.

The treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms and the extent of the kidney prolapse:

• Conservative therapy: For mild symptoms, strengthening the back muscles through physiotherapy is recommended. Wearing a kidney band can provide additional support.

• Surgical fixation (nephropexy): In cases of severe symptoms or functional impairments, the kidney is surgically fixed in its original position, usually minimally invasive (laparoscopic).

• Medication treatment: Painkillers or medications for treating urinary tract infections can be used as a supplement.

A targeted prevention is difficult, as many risk factors cannot be influenced. Nevertheless, healthy weight control, strengthening of the abdominal and back muscles, and avoiding heavy physical strain can help reduce the risk of kidney prolapse.