Proteinuria

Proteinuria can be triggered by various diseases or temporary conditions that impair kidney function. In many cases, it is a sign of a serious underlying condition that disrupts the kidneys' filtering function. However, there are also less severe causes.

- **Kidney diseases**: Conditions such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, or kidney failure can impair the kidneys' filtering function, leading to a loss of proteins in the urine.

- **Hypertension (high blood pressure)**: Long-term elevated blood pressure can damage the kidneys and cause proteinuria.

- **Diabetes mellitus**: Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the kidney vessels, leading to increased excretion of proteins.

- **Cardiovascular diseases**: Diseases of the heart or blood vessels can impair kidney function and lead to proteinuria.

- **Infections or inflammations**: Urinary tract infections or kidney inflammations can be the cause.

- **Intense physical exertion**: Temporary proteinuria can also be triggered by intense sports or physical exertion.

• Foamy urine
• Swelling (edema), especially in the legs, ankles, or face
• Discomfort or fatigue
• High blood pressure
• Low or dark urine output

The diagnosis of proteinuria is made through a urinalysis, in which the protein content in the urine is measured. A 24-hour urine collection may be performed to determine the exact amount of protein in the urine. If kidney disease is suspected, further tests such as blood tests, kidney function tests, or a kidney biopsy may be necessary.

The treatment of proteinuria depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, the therapy aims to protect kidney function and reduce protein loss. Close monitoring and targeted treatment can prevent the progression of kidney damage. Depending on the cause, the following measures can be taken:

• Medication: In cases of high blood pressure or diabetes, medications such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers may be prescribed to protect the kidneys and reduce protein loss.
• Dietary adjustments: Reducing protein intake or following a low-sodium diet can help reduce protein loss in some cases.
• Treatment of the underlying condition: If an infection, inflammation, or another underlying condition is causing the proteinuria, it will be treated accordingly.
• Renal replacement therapy: In severe cases of kidney damage, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.

A healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, sufficient exercise, and the control of risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes can help prevent proteinuria. Regular medical check-ups and the early treatment of kidney diseases are also important to avoid the progression of kidney damage.