Renal pelvic inflammation

The main cause of pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that usually spreads from the urinary tract to the kidneys. The infection often starts in the bladder and then spreads to the kidneys. Risk factors include recurrent urinary tract infections, anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract, urinary drainage disorders, catheter use and a weakened immune system.

• Severe flank pain
• High fever and chills
• Nausea and vomiting
• Frequent urge to urinate and burning urination
• Pressure and knocking pains in the kidney area

Diagnosis is based on a physical examination and a thorough medical history. Urine samples are analyzed to detect the presence of bacteria, blood or pus. Further diagnostic measures may include blood tests, ultrasound and, in severe cases, a computerized tomography (CT) scan to determine the extent of the infection and rule out complications.

• Conservative: Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually treated with antibiotics to fight the infection. Treatment usually lasts 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity of the infection and the response to the medication. Bed rest, adequate fluid intake and the use of painkillers to relieve symptoms may be recommended as supportive measures.
• Supplementary measures: In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to ensure intravenous administration of antibiotics and close monitoring.

Regular urination and adequate fluid intake can help to reduce the risk of a urinary tract infection. Good hygiene and avoiding excessive use of irritants can also have a preventative effect. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infections, further urological clarification should be carried out to identify and treat the underlying causes.