Sexually transmitted infections (STI)

Sexually transmitted diseases are caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The most common pathogens include chlamydia, gonococci, herpes viruses, and the human papillomavirus (HPV). Risk factors are unprotected sexual intercourse, frequently changing sexual partners, and a lack of awareness about protective measures.

• Unusual discharge from the genitals.
• Itching or burning in the genital area.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Rashes or sores in the genital area.
• Fever and general discomfort.

The diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases requires a thorough medical history and physical examination. The doctor asks the patient about symptoms and possible risk factors. Laboratory tests such as blood and urine tests are used to detect pathogens like HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, or gonococci. Additionally, swabs from the genital area or throat may be taken. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound are used if complications are suspected. Early diagnosis prevents consequential damage and the further spread of the infection.

• Conservative: In cases of mild symptoms, observation and symptomatic treatment may be sufficient.
• Medication: Antibiotics or antiviral medications are prescribed to treat infections. Depending on the pathogen and severity of the disease, the therapy may vary.

To prevent sexually transmitted diseases, safe sex practices should be applied, such as the use of condoms, regular health check-ups, and education about risk factors. If a disease is suspected, a doctor should be consulted immediately to enable early diagnosis and treatment.