Testicular microlithiasis

The causes of microlithiasis are not yet fully understood. However, it can be associated with various factors, including:

• Genetic predisposition: A family history of testicular anomalies or testicular cancer can increase the risk.
• Testicular anomalies: Patients with undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) or another structural malformation of the testicles have a higher risk of developing microlithiasis.
• Infections or inflammations: In some cases, microlithiasis may result from chronic inflammations or infections of the testicles.

• In most cases, no symptoms
• Microlithiasis is usually discovered incidentally during ultrasound examinations of the testis
• In very rare cases, microlithiasis may be associated with mild discomfort or unease in the scrotum

The diagnosis is usually made by an ultrasound of the testicles, where the calcium deposits appear as tiny, echogenic spots. Microlithiasis is often discovered incidentally when an ultrasound is performed for other reasons, such as investigating testicular complaints or as a preventive examination. If an underlying condition, such as testicular cancer, is suspected, further tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

• Observation: Since microlithiasis in most cases causes no symptoms and is harmless, no specific treatment is usually required. However, regular ultrasound examinations may be recommended to detect changes in the testicle at an early stage.
• Monitoring in at-risk patients: In patients with additional risk factors for testicular cancer, such as cryptorchidism or a family history of testicular cancer, close monitoring is recommended to detect possible signs of testicular cancer early.

Since the exact causes of microlithiasis are not fully known, there are no specific preventive measures. However, it is recommended to perform regular self-examinations of the testicles and consult a doctor if there are any abnormalities or complaints. Patients with an increased risk of testicular cancer should be closely monitored.