Testosterone deficiency

Testosterone deficiency can be caused by various factors, which are divided into two main categories:

• Primary hypogonadism: The deficiency of testosterone is caused by a malfunction of the testes. This can be triggered by genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome, injuries to the testes, radiation or chemotherapy, or diseases like mumps orchitis.
• Secondary hypogonadism: Here, the problem is traced back to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland – the brain regions that regulate testosterone production. Causes can include tumors, trauma, genetic disorders, or certain medications.
• Age-related decline: In many men, testosterone levels gradually decrease with age, known as androgenic aging.

• Reduced libido and erectile dysfunction
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Loss of muscle mass and bone density
• Increase in body fat, especially in the abdominal area
• Depressive moods, irritability, and difficulty concentrating
• Gynecomastia (enlargement of breast glands)
• Decrease in body hair and reduced beard growth

The diagnosis of testosterone deficiency begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Specific tests include:

• Blood tests: The testosterone level in the blood is measured to determine if it falls below the normal range. The tests should be conducted in the morning when testosterone levels are highest. In some cases, multiple blood tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis.
• Hormone tests: Tests to check pituitary function and the hormones LH and FSH can help distinguish between primary and secondary hypogonadism.
• Imaging procedures: If a tumor or pituitary dysfunction is suspected, an MRI of the brain may be necessary.

• Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT): The most common treatment method is testosterone replacement therapy, which can be administered in the form of injections, skin patches, gels, or tablets. This therapy aims to normalize testosterone levels and alleviate symptoms.
• Treatment of Underlying Causes: If the testosterone deficiency is caused by other conditions, such as tumors or hormonal imbalances, the underlying cause is treated.
• Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, regular physical activity, and sufficient sleep can help support testosterone levels naturally and alleviate symptoms.

There are no specific preventive measures to completely avoid testosterone deficiency. However, a healthy lifestyle with sufficient exercise, a healthy diet, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption can help reduce the risk of age-related testosterone deficiency. Regular medical check-ups and early treatment of conditions that could lead to hypogonadism are also crucial.