Urethritis

Urethritis is often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Non-sexually transmitted causes include bacterial infections from the rectum (e.g., Escherichia coli), irritations from chemical substances like soaps or spermicides, as well as mechanical injuries to the urethra from catheters or medical instruments.

- Pain or burning during urination

- Frequent urge to urinate

- Discharge from the urethra (possibly purulent or clear)

- Itching or irritation in the genital area

- Pain during intercourse

The diagnosis of urethritis is made through a physical examination and laboratory tests. A swab from the urethra or a urine sample is examined for the presence of bacteria or other pathogens. In cases of sexually transmitted urethritis, tests for infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis are conducted to identify the cause of the inflammation.

• Antibiotics: The treatment depends on the cause of the infection. Bacterial urethritis is usually treated with antibiotics, with the pathogen being identified to prescribe the appropriate medication. In sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, antibiotics like azithromycin, doxycycline, or ceftriaxone are often used.
• Antimicrobial agents: For non-bacterial causes, such as fungal infections, antifungal agents or antiviral medications may be prescribed.
• Pain relief: Painkillers or anti-inflammatory medications can help alleviate discomfort.

The best prevention against urethritis is the use of condoms during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Additionally, aggressive chemicals in the intimate area should be avoided, and strict hygiene should be observed during mechanical procedures such as catheterization. Regular screenings for sexually transmitted diseases and early treatment at the first signs of inflammation can also help prevent serious complications.