Testicular Inflammation (Orchitis)

The most common causes of orchitis are bacterial infections, often resulting from sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. Viral infections, such as the mumps virus, can also cause orchitis, particularly in unvaccinated individuals. Other causes include urinary tract infections, bladder infections, and, in rare cases, tuberculosis.

• Sudden, severe pain and swelling in the affected testicle

• Redness and warmth of the scrotum

• Fever and general malaise

• Pain during urination or sexual intercourse

Diagnosis is made through a physical examination in which the physician checks the swelling and tenderness of the testicle. Additional diagnostic measures may include urine and blood tests, as well as ultrasound examinations, to determine the exact cause and extent of the inflammation.

• Antibiotics: Prescribed in cases of bacterial infection

• Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs: Medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol to reduce pain and inflammation

• Bed rest and cooling: Rest and the application of cold compresses to the scrotum can help reduce swelling and pain

• Surgical intervention: Rarely necessary, but may be required in cases of abscesses or severe complications

Preventive measures include the use of condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections and vaccination against mumps. Good hygiene and treatment of urinary tract infections can also help lower the risk of orchitis.