Undescended testicles

The causes of undescended testicles are varied and can include genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. Hormonal disorders on the mother's or child's side, genetic anomalies and anatomical malformations along the descent path of the testicle can play a role. In many cases, the exact mechanism is not fully understood and a multifactorial etiology is assumed.

• Missing or non-palpable testicles in the scrotum
• Asymmetrical appearance of the scrotum
• Discomfort or pain, especially in older children

Diagnosis is made by physical examination, often as part of routine ultrasound examinations of newborns. In addition, imaging techniques such as MRI or laparoscopy may be used to determine the exact location of the testicles. Hormone tests may also be necessary to check the functionality of the testicular tissue.

Conservative: Hormone therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can be tried to promote testicular descent. However, this method is only successful in around 20% of cases and carries a risk of relapse of around 25%.

Surgical: Orchidopexy is the most common procedure in which the testicles are surgically moved into the scrotum. A laparoscopy may be necessary if the testicles cannot be palpated.

• Severity of the procedure: Surgical
• Duration of the procedure: Short, usually an inpatient stay
• Aftercare: Regular follow-up examinations to monitor the health of the testicles
• Probability of success: High, especially if the procedure is performed early.

There are no specific preventative measures. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize the risk of complications such as infertility and testicular cancer. Regular check-ups with the pediatrician are important.