Testicular Tumor

The exact causes of testicular tumors are not fully understood. A history of undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) in childhood significantly increases the risk. Genetic predispositions and family history also contribute to the development of these tumors. In addition, environmental factors and a general rise in cancer incidence have been linked to an increase in testicular tumor cases.

• Painless enlargement or swelling of the testicle

• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum

• Pulling or pressing pain in the testicle or groin area

• Palpable hardening or lumps in the testicle

Diagnosis is carried out through a physical examination and imaging techniques such as ultrasound. An ultrasound examination of the testicle is often sufficient to confirm the presence of a tumor. Additional tests, such as blood tests for tumor markers and a biopsy, may be necessary to determine the type of tumor and the stage of the disease.

• Surgery: Removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) is the most common and effective treatment.

• Radiation therapy: May be used after surgery to treat remaining cancer cells, particularly in seminomas.

• Chemotherapy: Involves the use of medication to destroy cancer cells, often applied in non-seminomatous tumors or advanced cancer.

• Surveillance: Regular follow-up and monitoring to detect recurrence of cancer at an early stage.

Since there are no specific early detection methods, men are advised to perform regular self-examinations of the testicles. Early consultation with a urologist in case of unusual changes can significantly improve the chances of recovery. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding known risk factors can also be beneficial.