Vaginismus

Vaginismus can have both organic and psychological causes. Organic causes can be infections or injuries in the vaginal area. Psychological causes include negative sexual experiences, fear of pain, trauma such as rape or an anti-sexual upbringing. Vaginismus is divided into two types:

• Primary vaginismus: occurs when a woman has never been able to insert anything into the vagina without pain, often recognized during puberty.
• Secondary vaginismus: Develops after a specific event, such as a traumatic experience, birth trauma or rough gynecological examinations.

• Pain: Stinging or burning pain when trying to insert something into the vagina.
• Muscle cramps: Involuntary cramping of the vaginal muscles.
• Fear: Fear of vaginal penetration or gynecological examinations.
• Difficulties during intercourse: Impossibility or extreme pain during intercourse.

Diagnosis is based on a comprehensive medical history and a physical examination by a gynecologist or sex therapist. It is important to rule out organic causes and assess the extent of the muscle cramping.

Pelvic floor training: Targeted exercises can improve control of the pelvic floor muscles. This method requires regular exercise and can help to alleviate symptoms.

Drug therapy: In some cases, muscle relaxants or anesthetic creams may be prescribed. These medications are applied topically and can reduce the pain.

Sex therapy: Talk therapy or couples therapy can help to overcome psychological barriers and fears. The therapy is long-term and can be carried out in combination with other treatments.

Physiotherapy: Specialized physiotherapists can use techniques to relax the pelvic floor muscles. This treatment requires regular sessions and can improve muscle control.

There are no specific preventative measures for vaginismus. An open and positive attitude towards sexuality and avoiding traumatic experiences can help. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve quality of life and reduce pain. Regular consultations with a gynecologist or sex therapist are also recommended.